... conservation laws as in macro-channels. Several studies have been conducted to explore this important fundamental issue. Most of these studies relied on bulk flow measurements, comparing pressure drop measurements across the channel to macro-channel model/correlation predictions. The results show significant...

... electronics packaging infrared imaging temperature distribution flow measurement temperature measurement cooling All successful electronic systems are to some degree packaged in a way that ensures that they run at a low enough temperature to give an acceptable level of reliability. The process...

... analysis thermal variables measurement flow measurement printed circuit testing thermal resistance heat transfer thermal conductivity Electronic system designers are still unable to make accurate predictions of the operational temperatures of critical components and therefore the reliability...