Fig. 1 National Research Council of Canada—RATFac [ 21 ]. Note: the flow is R-L. More about this image found in National Research Council of Canada—RATFac [ 21 ]. Note: the flow is R-L.

Fig. 2 RATFac tunnel cross section with sensor axial positions displayed More about this image found in RATFac tunnel cross section with sensor axial positions displayed

Fig. 3 ( a ) CIKP in (top image) stowed/position 5 and (bottom image) position 2. ( b ) TWC probe traverse measurement positions looking in the flow direction of the tunnel. More about this image found in ( a ) CIKP in (top image) stowed/position 5 and (bottom image) positio...

Fig. 4 Total water content traverse CIKP probe trace for calibration test run 651. Measurement positions 0–4 correspond to each measurement interval. More about this image found in Total water content traverse CIKP probe trace for calibration test run 651....

Fig. 5 RATFac tunnel flow domain, the cylindrical section is the plenum with warm humid air, and the smaller rectangle is the ice injection pipe. Mixes and contracts into the working section. More about this image found in RATFac tunnel flow domain, the cylindrical section is the plenum with warm ...

Fig. 6 RATFac tunnel flow domain 1/2 cross-sectional slice showing tunnel inlet, ice injection pipe, and measurement plane locations More about this image found in RATFac tunnel flow domain 1/2 cross-sectional slice showing tunnel inlet, i...

Fig. 7 Particle sphericity and orientation, specified relative to the axial flow direction More about this image found in Particle sphericity and orientation, specified relative to the axial flow d...

Fig. 8 Particle stream convergence: ( a ) particle concentration χ i normalized by maximum ( χ i ) for convergence study with turbophoresis and Rosin-Rammler size distribution. ( b ) Mean absolute difference for particle concentration χ i for convergence st... More about this image found in Particle stream convergence: ( a ) particle concentration χ i ...

Fig. 9 Mach number study: ( a ) total water content and ( b ) melt ratio simulation results at probe measurement position More about this image found in Mach number study: ( a ) total water content and ( b ) melt...

Fig. 10 Turbulence model comparison for RATFac working section CFD: ( a ) k – ϵ model and ( b ) Reynolds stress model, test run 667 More about this image found in Turbulence model comparison for RATFac working section CFD: ( a ) ...

Fig. 11 Turbulence model comparison: ( a ) total water content and ( b ) melt ratio simulation results at the probe measurement position, test run 667 More about this image found in Turbulence model comparison: ( a ) total water content and ( b ...

Fig. 12 Particle shape and orientation specifications More about this image found in Particle shape and orientation specifications